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Researchers have freshly cultivated archaea that provide new clues about how complex life may have evolved. The work could help clarify the biological transitions that led from simple microbes to eukaryotes. It matters because it sheds light on a central question in evolutionary biology.
Two Nature studies show that tandem repeat variation and both rare and common genetic variants influence gene expression in immune cells in a cell-type-specific manner. The findings help explain how genetic differences regulate immune cell function and may inform understanding of immune-related disease.
Researchers report a carbon ribbon made of pentagons and heptagons that shows metallic behavior, according to Nature. The finding expands the range of known carbon nanostructures and could inform the design of nanoscale electronic materials.
Researchers used simulations of the Drosophila connectome to identify a central pattern generator — a neural circuit that produces rhythmic walking movements in fruit flies. The work links detailed wiring diagrams to actual behavior, helping explain how nervous systems generate coordinated locomotion. It offers a template for using connectome data to uncover circuit mechanisms in other animals.
A Nature study reports that human cortical neurons carrying genetic abnormalities are removed during the perinatal period. The finding suggests quality-control mechanisms in the developing brain eliminate aberrant neurons around birth. It matters because it helps explain how the brain limits genetic damage and may inform neurodevelopmental disease research.
Researchers report tumour assembloids that recreate interactions between renal cancer cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and T cells. The model could help study how the kidney tumour microenvironment shapes immune responses and support testing of cancer therapies.
Researchers report that cardiac mitochondria import lactate through MCT1, helping sustain heart metabolism. The finding clarifies how the heart uses lactate as a fuel and may inform understanding of cardiac energy failure.
A Nature study characterizes the closest known archaeal relatives of eukaryotes, showing these microbes are internally simple and live by breaking down peptides in partnership with other organisms (syntrophy). The findings sharpen the picture of the cell biology and metabolism of the lineage from which eukaryotes — and ultimately complex life — emerged.
Researchers tested whether individual differences in emotion regulation capacity map onto a common brain pattern. They found no shared neural signature, challenging the assumption that a single brain marker can capture this ability. The result may affect how future studies measure and predict emotion regulation.